The Sauna¹² and the Hammam¹³
Saunassa, by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, 1889
While it is striking to see similar ideas found in completely different cultures throughout history, it is also interesting to see how they converge in the modern vision of naturism. The Sauna and the Hammam are great examples of practices that exist within communities that are totally different to each other yet represent the way in which we as humans tend to rationalize and apply the same principles, while making adjustments to fit our surroundings.
The modern Sauna is not at all like the first, which is believed to have been created in Medieval times. This would have been a hole dug in the ground which was heated with hot stones. However, part of the reason for the Sauna maintaining its importance in Finnish culture is that Finns venerate nature and are conscious of its immensity. Therefore, they consider it important to dedicate time and space to strengthen their bond with it. For Finns, the Sauna has kept its essence and it continues to be a place where nudity is not vulgar nor problematic, and where problems and worries can be left behind.
Similar to the Sauna, the first Hammam is said to have been created and popularized during the Medieval era. Gaining cultural significance in Middle Eastern cities at this time, it became a place of social unity for the populations. It is worth noting that although the Hammam was born from Greek and Roman influences, maintained in Andalusia via a distinct Visigothic bathing culture, it acquired its own unique characteristics. Through elements such as large reception areas for social gathering, the Hammam gained its own personality linked to Muslim culture. In some countries they remain active to this day.
¹²"The Finnish Sauna". Scandinavian Egalitarian Cultures, Part III, Ch. 10 , pages 154-167. Sage Publications
